Onam, the pride of Kerala, is much more than just a festival; it’s a cultural extravaganza that embodies the spirit of the state. Celebrated with fervour and joy, this harvest festival, which usually falls in the Malayalam month of Chingam (August-September), marks the homecoming of the legendary King Mahabali. The vibrant celebrations spread across ten days, showcasing Kerala’s rich traditions, vibrant culture, and the enduring unity of its people.
The Legend of King Mahabali
The essence of Onam is rooted in the tale of King Mahabali, a benevolent demon king who ruled Kerala in an era of prosperity and happiness. According to mythology, his reign was marked by equality, justice, and abundance, making it a golden age for his subjects. However, his growing power and popularity threatened the gods, who sought the help of Lord Vishnu. Vishnu, in his Vamana avatar (dwarf Brahmin form), tricked Mahabali into giving up his kingdom. Yet, as a mark of his devotion and humility, Mahabali was granted a wish to visit his people once every year, which is now celebrated as Onam.
The Ten Days of Festivity
Onam is celebrated over ten days, with each day having its own significance, rituals, and customs.
- Atham: The first day, Atham, signals the start of the festivities. People begin creating the Pookalam (floral rangoli) in front of their homes, which grows more elaborate each day.
- Chithira to Moolam: The days leading up to the main event see the Pookalam getting bigger and more colorful. People also start preparing for the grand feast (Onam Sadhya) and participate in various cultural activities.
- Pooradam: On this day, people install clay idols (Onathappan) in the center of the Pookalam, symbolizing the presence of Mahabali.
- Uthradam: The day before the grand Thiruvonam, Uthradam is considered the eve of Mahabali’s arrival. It’s marked by excitement and extensive preparations.
- Thiruvonam: The most important day of Onam, Thiruvonam is when King Mahabali is believed to visit his people. Homes are cleaned, decorated, and Pookalam designs are at their grandest. The day is filled with rituals, traditional games, and the Onam Sadhya.
The Onam Sadhya: A Feast to Remember
The Onam Sadhya is a grand vegetarian feast that is central to the celebration. Served on a banana leaf, this meal includes a variety of dishes like avial, thoran, olan, sambar, rasam, and payasam, to name a few. The Sadhya is a reflection of Kerala’s rich culinary tradition and the spirit of abundance that Onam signifies.
Cultural Extravaganza: Onam Celebrations
Onam is not just about rituals and feasts; it’s a cultural fiesta. Traditional dances like Kathakali, Thiruvathira, and Pulikali (tiger dance) are performed across the state. Vallamkali, the famous snake boat race, is another highlight, drawing huge crowds who cheer on the competing teams. The festival also sees the staging of various cultural programs, showcasing Kerala
